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The world is growing hotter and older. Climate institutions must recognise both realities in whose voices count and where their money goes. As COP31 gets underway in Antalya, two realities demand attention. The World Meteorological Organisation reports that 2015–2025 were the 11 hottest years on record, with 2025 about 1.43°C above pre-industrial levels. The World Health Organisation projects that the number of people aged 60 and over will rise from one billion in 2020 to 1.4

Why climate adaptation must begin with the realities of communities My understanding of climate change has evolved from seeing it primarily as an environmental challenge to understanding it as a question of livelihoods, governance, inequality and justice. Through my academic journey and field experiences, I have come to recognise that climate change is not experienced equally by everyone. While some communities have the resources and institutions to prepare for climate-relate

Climate change today is a pressing issue in the sense that we are experiencing on a daily basis the effects that scientists had long predicted, well before the COP21 conference in Paris. In the Sahara region, one of the effects of this phenomenon is desertification. This phenomenon is becoming increasingly common in sub-Saharan Africa today, characterized by: delayed rainy seasons, prolonged periods of drought, wells that are becoming less and less reliable, and low agricultu